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4 Types of Gas Sensors
Semiconductor gas sensor
It is based on the principle that the conductivity of some metal oxide semiconductor materials changes with the composition of ambient gas at a certain temperature. The alcohol sensor, for example, is made by using the principle that the resistance of tin oxide decreases sharply when it encounters alcohol gas at high temperature.
Advantages:
Semiconductor gas sensors can be effectively used for the detection of methane, ethane, propane, butane, alcohol, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethylene, acetylene, vinyl chloride, styrene, acrylic acid and many other gases. In particular, the sensor cost is low, suitable for civil gas detection needs.
The following semiconductor gas sensors are successful: methane (natural gas, biogas), alcohol, carbon monoxide (city gas), hydrogen sulfide, ammonia (amines, hydrazine). High quality sensors can meet the needs of industrial testing.
Disadvantages:
It has poor stability and is greatly affected by the environment. In particular, the output parameters cannot be determined. Therefore, it should not be used in places where accurate measurement is required.
Catalytic combustion type gas sensor
This sensor is prepared on the surface of the platinum resistance to high temperature catalyst layer, at a certain temperature, flammable gas in its surface catalytic combustion, combustion is the platinum resistance temperature rise, resistance change, change value is a function of the concentration of flammable gas.
Advantages:
Catalytic combustion gas sensors selectively detect flammable gases: they do not respond to anything that cannot be burned. The catalytic combustion type gas sensor has the advantages of accurate measurement, quick response and long service life. The output of the sensor is directly related to the explosion hazard of the environment.
Disadvantages:
In the range of flammable gas, no selectivity. Working in concealed fire may cause explosion. Most organic vapors are toxic to the sensor.
Thermal conductivity pool type gas sensor
Each gas has its own specific thermal conductivity. When the thermal conductivity of two or more gases is quite different, the thermal conductivity element can be used to distinguish the content of one component. The sensors are already being used to detect hydrogen, carbon dioxide and high concentrations of methane. This kind of gas sensor can be used in a narrow range with many limiting factors.
Electrochemical gas sensor
It a considerable part of the flammable, toxic and harmful gases have electrochemical activity, can be electrochemical oxidation or reduction. These reactions can be used to distinguish gas composition and detect gas concentration. Electrochemical gas sensors fall into many subcategories:
Glvanic battery type gas sensor (also known as gaffney battery type gas sensor, also known as fuel cell type gas sensor, also known as spontaneous battery type gas sensor), their principle is the same as the dry cell we use, but the carbon and manganese electrode of the battery is replaced by the gas electrode. In the case of the oxygen sensor, oxygen is reduced at the cathode and electrons flow through the ammeter to the anode, where the lead metal is oxidized. The magnitude of the current is directly related to the concentration of oxygen. This sensor can effectively detect oxygen, sulfur dioxide, etc.
Constant potential electrolytic cell type gas sensor, this sensor is very effective for detecting reducing gas, its principle is different from the galvanic cell type sensor, its electrochemical reaction is under the current force, is a kind of real coulomb analysis sensor. This sensor has been successfully used in the detection of carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, ammonia, hydrazine, and other gases.
Concentration difference battery type gas sensor. Gas with electrochemical activity will spontaneously form concentration difference electromotive force on both sides of the electrochemical battery. The magnitude of electromotive force is related to the concentration of gas.
Ultimate current type gas sensor. There is a sensor for measuring oxygen concentration. The oxygen (gas) concentration sensor is prepared based on the principle that the ultimate current in the electrochemical tank is related to the carrier concentration.
It is based on the principle that the conductivity of some metal oxide semiconductor materials changes with the composition of ambient gas at a certain temperature. The alcohol sensor, for example, is made by using the principle that the resistance of tin oxide decreases sharply when it encounters alcohol gas at high temperature.
Advantages:
Semiconductor gas sensors can be effectively used for the detection of methane, ethane, propane, butane, alcohol, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethylene, acetylene, vinyl chloride, styrene, acrylic acid and many other gases. In particular, the sensor cost is low, suitable for civil gas detection needs.
The following semiconductor gas sensors are successful: methane (natural gas, biogas), alcohol, carbon monoxide (city gas), hydrogen sulfide, ammonia (amines, hydrazine). High quality sensors can meet the needs of industrial testing.
Disadvantages:
It has poor stability and is greatly affected by the environment. In particular, the output parameters cannot be determined. Therefore, it should not be used in places where accurate measurement is required.
Catalytic combustion type gas sensor
This sensor is prepared on the surface of the platinum resistance to high temperature catalyst layer, at a certain temperature, flammable gas in its surface catalytic combustion, combustion is the platinum resistance temperature rise, resistance change, change value is a function of the concentration of flammable gas.
Advantages:
Catalytic combustion gas sensors selectively detect flammable gases: they do not respond to anything that cannot be burned. The catalytic combustion type gas sensor has the advantages of accurate measurement, quick response and long service life. The output of the sensor is directly related to the explosion hazard of the environment.
Disadvantages:
In the range of flammable gas, no selectivity. Working in concealed fire may cause explosion. Most organic vapors are toxic to the sensor.
Thermal conductivity pool type gas sensor
Each gas has its own specific thermal conductivity. When the thermal conductivity of two or more gases is quite different, the thermal conductivity element can be used to distinguish the content of one component. The sensors are already being used to detect hydrogen, carbon dioxide and high concentrations of methane. This kind of gas sensor can be used in a narrow range with many limiting factors.
Electrochemical gas sensor
It a considerable part of the flammable, toxic and harmful gases have electrochemical activity, can be electrochemical oxidation or reduction. These reactions can be used to distinguish gas composition and detect gas concentration. Electrochemical gas sensors fall into many subcategories:
Glvanic battery type gas sensor (also known as gaffney battery type gas sensor, also known as fuel cell type gas sensor, also known as spontaneous battery type gas sensor), their principle is the same as the dry cell we use, but the carbon and manganese electrode of the battery is replaced by the gas electrode. In the case of the oxygen sensor, oxygen is reduced at the cathode and electrons flow through the ammeter to the anode, where the lead metal is oxidized. The magnitude of the current is directly related to the concentration of oxygen. This sensor can effectively detect oxygen, sulfur dioxide, etc.
Constant potential electrolytic cell type gas sensor, this sensor is very effective for detecting reducing gas, its principle is different from the galvanic cell type sensor, its electrochemical reaction is under the current force, is a kind of real coulomb analysis sensor. This sensor has been successfully used in the detection of carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, ammonia, hydrazine, and other gases.
Concentration difference battery type gas sensor. Gas with electrochemical activity will spontaneously form concentration difference electromotive force on both sides of the electrochemical battery. The magnitude of electromotive force is related to the concentration of gas.
Ultimate current type gas sensor. There is a sensor for measuring oxygen concentration. The oxygen (gas) concentration sensor is prepared based on the principle that the ultimate current in the electrochemical tank is related to the carrier concentration.
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